American Ginseng vs Asian Ginseng: What Is The Difference?

Exploring the Differences between American and Asian Ginseng as Adaptogens

Introduction to Ginseng

What is Ginseng?

Ginseng is the root of a plant from the Panax genus, which includes well-known species like Panax ginseng (also called Korean or Chinese ginseng), Panax quinquefolius (American ginseng), and Panax notoginseng (South China ginseng). These plants are part of the Araliaceae family and are known for containing natural compounds called ginsenosides and gintonin. There are two main types of ginseng: Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) and American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius). Ginsenosides are the active constituents of ginseng and are found in both American and Asian ginseng, though their chemical profiles differ. Research shows that American ginseng has a different ginsenoside profile compared to Asian ginseng, including variations in ginsenoside ratios. These compounds are being researched for their potential effects on the body, with studies highlighting their diverse pharmacological properties.

The word “ginseng” comes from the Chinese word rénshēn, which means “man root,” because the root sometimes looks like a person with limbs (Yang et al., 2017; Zhang et al., 2020). Ginseng grows best in cool, shady places like Northeast China, Korea, Russia, and some parts of North America. American ginseng is primarily grown in temperate forest areas of North America. It takes time to mature, usually about 4 to 6 years, before it’s ready to harvest. By its third year, the plant produces small red berries (Yang et al., 2017; Zhang et al., 2020). The seeds inside need a few months of rest before they can sprout. The root has a thick main part, thinner side roots, and a neck-like area (called the rhizome) where new stems grow every spring. You can count the growth marks on this neck to help identify real ginseng roots.

Types of Ginseng Products

Ginseng roots are usually divided into three types based on their age and how they’re processed (Yang et al., 2017):

• Fresh ginseng: Collected before the plant turns 4 years old. It’s used with little or no processing.
• White ginseng: Harvested when the plant is 4 to 6 years old. It is peeled and then dried in the sun.
• Red ginseng: Taken at 6 years of age, then steamed and dried. The heat changes the chemical structure of the root. The steaming process can affect the ginsenoside levels in both American and Asian ginseng.

Red ginseng is especially valued because the steaming process transforms some of its compounds, specifically malonyl-ginsenosides, into more stable types called neutral ginsenosides. Research shows that American ginseng has a different ginsenoside profile compared to Asian ginseng, including variations in ginsenoside ratios. Steaming processes can change the ginsenoside profile, affecting their activity and properties. These changes may improve shelf life, make the compounds easier to absorb in the gut, and add some antioxidant-like qualities. Ginseng is available in many forms, such as powders, teas, tablets, capsules, and concentrated extracts (Yang et al., 2017). Researchers and manufacturers are still working on ways to make sure each product has a consistent quality and amount of the active ingredients.

The Role of Ginseng as an Adaptogen

Ginseng, especially Panax ginseng, has been valued in East Asian traditions for centuries as a natural remedy to boost energy and help the body handle stress. American ginseng is considered less stimulating than Asian ginseng and is often preferred for calming effects. Today, scientists describe ginseng as an adaptogen, which means it’s a natural substance that supports the body’s ability to adjust and respond to physical, emotional, or environmental stress in a balanced way. American ginseng tends to be used more for stress management and insomnia treatment, whereas Asian ginseng has stimulating properties.

Another well-known adaptogen is ashwagandha, a herb with a long history of use in Ayurvedic medicine. Ashwagandha is traditionally used as a rejuvenative and for supporting stress resistance and overall vitality, but its effects and traditional uses differ from those of ginseng.

How Ginseng Works as an Adaptogen

The pharmacological activities of American ginseng and its ginsenosides include effects on the central nervous system, cardiovascular system, immune system, and cancer. The active constituents of American ginseng and Asian ginseng are both ginsenosides, but their chemical profiles are different. [LINK 1] like ginseng are special because they can help the body adjust in both directions, either calming or energizing it, depending on what the body needs. This flexibility comes from ginseng’s natural ingredients, mainly compounds called ginsenosides, and also polysaccharides. These components support how the body manages energy, fights damage from stress, and keeps cells communicating properly. Studies in healthy people and certain groups like postmenopausal women have shown that panax ginseng can reduce signs of stress at the cellular level. It lowers harmful molecules like reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), while increasing the levels of helpful enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (Kim et al., 2011; Seo et al., 2014; Kim et al., 2021; Chung et al., 2021; Behl et al., 2022). These antioxidant benefits are linked to important biological systems in the body, such as Nrf2, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt.

Both animal studies and human trials have found that ginseng and specific ginsenosides, especially Rb1, Rg1, and Rg3, can reduce both physical and mental tiredness. Ginseng seems to help through its ability to enhance cellular energy production, calm inflammatory responses, balance key neurotransmitters, and activate the AMPK and SIRT1 pathways that optimize the body’s overall energy metabolism (Zhang et al., 2023; Zhou et al., 2019; Tan et al., 2013; Zhuang et al., 2014; Yang et al., 2018; Xu et al., 2013; Lei et al., 2023; Yu et al., 2023). Some studies have shown that taking standardized ginseng extracts may help with memory, focus, and stress levels. In one clinical study, a type of hydroponically grown Panax ginseng (called HRG80) performed better than both a placebo and traditional ginseng in improving attention and memory in people under stress (Mariage et al. 2020). Ginseng seems to help bring the body back into balance. For example, one study showed that Korean Red Ginseng helped bring blood pressure back to normal in people with both high and low blood pressure. This ability to adjust based on what the body needs is a key feature of adaptogens (Yamamoto et al. 1991).

American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius)

Characteristics of American Ginseng

American ginseng is a perennial herb that grows naturally in North America. It is one of the most well-known members of the Panax plant family, along with Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) and South China ginseng (Panax notoginseng) (Lee D. G. et al., 2016; Yang L. et al., 2018; Yu C. et al., 2014). Both American and Asian ginseng are recognized for their historical use in traditional medicine systems. While Asian ginseng is more common in countries like China, Korea, and Japan, American ginseng is native to parts of Canada (from Quebec to Manitoba) and the United States (especially Georgia, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Oklahoma). The U.S. state of Wisconsin is the top location for growing AG commercially (Cruse-Sanders & Hamrick, 2004; Jia & Zhao, 2009). Since the 1980s, it has also been cultivated in China (Qin et al., 2018). American ginseng is known to help boost the immune system and balance blood sugar levels.

American ginseng naturally grows in forest areas. Its leaves can be narrow or more rounded in shape, and during the summer, the plant blooms with small white flowers. These flowers grow on short stalks in the center of the leaves (Souther et al., 2012; Zhang H. et al., 2020). By late summer and fall, the plant produces red, berry-like fruits, which can hold up to three seeds. The root is thick, white, and often has multiple branches. As the plant ages, it may also grow extra roots that act as a backup in case the main root is damaged (Pengelly & Bennett, 2019). Pollination is done by small, non-specialized bees like Halictid bees, and the plant only reproduces through seeds. The berries start to ripen between August and November, after first appearing green in July and early August (Cruse-Sanders & Hamrick, 2004; Zhang H. et al., 2020). In farming, AG is usually harvested after 3 to 4 years. Wild ginseng, on the other hand, is typically left to grow for 8 years or more before it’s collected (Lim et al., 2005; Proctor & Shelp, 2013). American ginseng is known to help boost the immune system and balance blood sugar levels.

American ginseng roots are processed in two main ways:

• White ginseng: dried naturally in the sun.
• Red ginseng: steamed before drying. This steaming process helps protect the root’s active ingredients and extends its shelf life by stopping certain enzymes that can break it down (Lee & Bae, 2018; Kim K. T. et al., 2007; Dolot et al., 2006). Commercial ginseng preparations include red ginseng and white ginseng, which differ based on the processing method.

Even though these two types are processed differently, they have similar chemical composition and potential uses (Dolot et al., 2006)

Health Benefits of American Ginseng

American ginseng has been studied for its role in reducing stress on the body and supporting general well-being. In one study, physically active male college students were given 2 grams of American ginseng daily for four weeks. Although it did not improve aerobic performance, it significantly reduced levels of creatine kinase (CK), a marker of muscle damage, during and after intense treadmill running. This suggests that American ginseng may help protect muscles from damage caused by strenuous exercise (Hsu et al., 2005). In a larger clinical trial involving 364 cancer survivors suffering from fatigue, participants received either 2000 mg of American ginseng or a placebo for eight weeks. By the end of the trial, those who took AG reported greater improvements in energy levels, with no side effects observed. These findings indicate that AG may help improve energy and recovery in people dealing with chronic health conditions (Barton et al., 2013). American ginseng is known to help boost the immune system and balance blood sugar levels.

American ginseng has also shown potential in supporting brain function. In a placebo-controlled study, young adults who took single doses of American ginseng (100, 200, or 400 mg of a branded extract called Cereboost™) performed better in memory and reaction time tests and reported feeling calmer. These effects appeared shortly after taking the supplement and lasted for up to six hours, without affecting blood sugar levels (Scholey et al., 2010). When it comes to blood sugar regulation, American ginseng may help reduce the rise in blood glucose after meals. In a study with healthy individuals, taking 3 grams of American ginseng 40 minutes before a glucose drink significantly lowered post-meal blood sugar spikes. Interestingly, this effect depended on timing rather than the exact dose taken (Vuksan et al., 2001). A related study confirmed similar results in both healthy and diabetic individuals, suggesting that American ginseng may support metabolic balance under stress from glucose intake (Vuksan et al., 2000). American ginseng has also been shown to support cardiovascular health. In people with type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure, taking 3 grams of American ginseng daily for 12 weeks led to a significant drop in systolic blood pressure by nearly 12 mmHg and a reduction in arterial stiffness, without affecting diastolic pressure. This may reflect a role for American ginseng in promoting healthy blood flow and vascular function (Mucalo et al., 2013).

Several studies have investigated how American ginseng may help reduce the frequency and severity of respiratory infections. In one trial, older adults living in care facilities who took a proprietary American ginseng extract (CVT-E002) had 89% fewer confirmed flu cases compared to those on a placebo (McElhaney et al., 2004). Another study in community-dwelling seniors found that daily use of American ginseng during the winter season led to nearly 50% fewer respiratory infections and shorter symptom duration (McElhaney et al., 2006). Similarly, in a 4-month trial, people who took American ginseng had fewer colds, less severe symptoms, and faster recovery times than those taking a placebo, suggesting support for seasonal immune resilience (Predy et al., 2005). An earlier dose-finding study in cancer patients tested American ginseng at different amounts (750, 1000, and 2000 mg per day) to assess its effects on fatigue. While the results were not statistically significant, the 1000–2000 mg doses showed encouraging signs of improving energy and well-being. More patients in these groups expressed satisfaction with the treatment, and no harmful effects were reported, indicating potential for further research (Barton et al., 2010).

American ginseng may support brain function, especially during tasks that require focus and memory. In a carefully controlled study, adults in middle age were given 200 mg of Panax quinquefolius, and researchers monitored their brain activity during mental exercises. While their actual task performance didn’t change, brain wave measurements showed quicker responses in the prefrontal cortex—a part of the brain involved in decision-making and memory. This suggests that ginseng may help prepare the brain for cognitive challenges, even before noticeable behavioral changes occur (White et al., 2020). In another study involving 52 healthy individuals aged 40 to 60, a single 200 mg dose of American ginseng extract (Cereboost™) improved memory task performance within just three hours. Interestingly, the benefits occurred without changes in blood sugar or mood, indicating that ginseng may support brain function through other biological mechanisms (Ossoukhova et al., 2015). In a study involving 64 individuals with schizophrenia, a standardized North American ginseng extract known as HT1001™ was tested over four weeks. The participants who received the ginseng showed improvements in visual working memory and also had fewer medication-related movement side effects. These results suggest that American ginseng might support brain function and overall comfort when added alongside standard treatments in this population (Chen & Hui, 2012). Another study looked at both short-term and longer-term effects of an American ginseng extract called Cereboost® in 61 healthy young adults. Participants who took Cereboost showed improvements in memory and attention within six hours of their first dose. After two weeks of daily use, they performed better on brain tasks that rely on acetylcholine, a key brain chemical, and also reported improved mood, less mental fatigue, and more confidence. A related lab-based study found that Cereboost supported the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, including Akkermansia muciniphila and Lactobacillus, and increased the production of short-chain fatty acids. This suggests that some of its brain benefits might be linked to changes in gut health (Bell et al., 2022).

American ginseng may help protect muscles from exercise-related stress and reduce signs of inflammation and oxidative damage. In a study involving 12 physically active men, participants took 1.6 grams of American ginseng daily for 28 days before completing a downhill running test designed to cause muscle strain. Compared to those who didn’t take ginseng, the group who did had lower levels of creatine kinase (a marker of muscle damage) and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (a marker of oxidative stress) at multiple time points after exercise. They also showed better regulation of IL-4, a molecule involved in inflammation, suggesting that American ginseng may help the body adapt better to physical stress (Lin et al., 2021). Research has shown that various cellular and molecular pathways are affected by American ginseng, including those related to inflammation, oxidative stress, and cancer signaling.

American ginseng has also been investigated for its ability to protect human cells from radiation damage. In one study, researchers tested a standardized extract called NAGE on white blood cells taken from 40 people. When the extract was given 90 minutes after radiation exposure, it significantly reduced signs of DNA damage by up to 50%. It also lowered oxidative stress markers and boosted the blood cells’ antioxidant activity, indicating to its possible use as a gentle, plant-based radioprotective option (Lee et al., 2010). American ginseng may help protect DNA from oxidative stress, a type of damage linked to aging and various health issues. In a small pilot study, volunteers drank a cup of American ginseng tea, and blood samples taken two hours later showed less DNA damage after being exposed to UVB light. This quick cellular defense is considered an important trait of adaptogens that help the body resist stress at multiple levels (Szeto et al., 2015).

In individuals with coronary heart disease (CHD) and issues related to blood sugar, American ginseng extracts have been shown to improve markers of pancreatic function and cholesterol levels. In one study, a four-week course ofPanax quinquefolius saponins (PQS) improved beta-cell activity, which plays a role in insulin production, and helped lower total and LDL cholesterol. While insulin sensitivity didn’t change, the findings suggest a protective role in metabolism and heart health (Zhang et al., 2007). Another study looked at people recovering from heart procedures. Patients who had undergone a procedure called PCI (percutaneous coronary intervention) were given Xinyue capsules, which contain American ginseng saponins. Over a year, those who took the capsules had fewer serious heart-related problems like heart attacks, cardiac death, and the need for another procedure, compared to those who did not. There were also fewer hospital visits and strokes in the treatment group, pointing to ginseng’s potential as part of ongoing heart care (Guo et al., 2020). In people with type 2 diabetes, American ginseng has shown potential to support blood sugar control and heart health. In an eight-week clinical study, participants taking 3 grams of AG extract daily had lower long-term blood sugar levels (measured as HbA1c), reduced fasting glucose, and improved blood pressure. They also showed better blood vessel function and lower LDL (bad) cholesterol. Importantly, the study found no harm to liver or kidney function, suggesting a favorable safety profile when used alongside standard treatments (Vuksan et al., 2019).

Asian Ginseng (Panax ginseng)

Characteristics of Asian Ginseng

Panax ginseng, often called Asian or Korean ginseng, is one of the most researched and traditionally used plants in the Panax family. It grows naturally in parts of Korea, China, and Japan and has been used for thousands of years in East Asian medicine. People have long valued it for its potential to fight tiredness, boost energy, and support the body’s ability to handle stress and illness (Wang et al., 2019). The word Panax comes from Greek, where pan means “all” and akosmeans “cure,” reflecting the traditional belief that ginseng was a remedy for many problems (Cho et al., 2014). The English word “ginseng” comes from the Chinese word renshen, referring to the root’s shape, which can resemble a human figure (Chen et al., 2006).

Botanically, Panax ginseng is a perennial herb from the Araliaceae plant family. It has a thick, fleshy root that tapers like a spindle, a thin upright stem, and leaves that grow in a circle around the stem. It prefers cool, shady environments and takes several years to mature—usually harvested between 4 and 6 years of age to ensure high levels of ginsenosides, the compounds believed to be responsible for many of its effects (Kim J. H, 2018). In Korea, scientists and growers have worked to create specialized versions or cultivars of Panax ginseng. These have been developed to improve things like root size, quality, disease resistance, and the ability to grow well under different conditions. Some of the most recognized Korean ginseng cultivars include (Kim J. H, 2018):

• Yunpoong: Known for its large root harvest, early blooming flowers, and a 27.3% higher root yield compared to the older variety Jakyungjong.
• Gopoong: Identified by its purple stems and dark red fruits, it produces high-quality red ginseng and scores well in the Chun-Jeesam grading system.
• Sunpoong: Designed for heavy root weight and high-grade red ginseng. It also has purple stems and simple berries and produces 15.4% heavier roots than the Chunpoong variety.
• Gumpoong: A yellow-berry ginseng variety that is resistant to root rust. It’s also ideal for making red ginseng and has high productivity.

Other notable cultivars like Cheongsun, Sunhyang, Sunun, Sunone, K-1, G-1, and Kowon have their own strengths—such as better antioxidant content, strong disease resistance, or better ability to grow in changing environments—depending on the goals of the farmers and producers.

Health Benefits of Asian Ginseng

Asian ginseng, especially red Panax ginseng, has been studied for its role in reducing stress and supporting mental performance. In a recent clinical trial involving 149 moderately stressed adults, participants took 200 mg of hydroponically grown red ginseng daily for three weeks. Compared to the placebo group, those taking ginseng reported lower stress levels and fewer negative emotions. They also performed slightly better on a brain task involving spatial planning, suggesting mental clarity improvements. A slight improvement in mood-related symptoms was also noted, supporting emotional well-being (Dormal et al., 2025).

The herb has also been tested in people with chronic fatigue that has no known cause. In a study of 90 individuals, participants took either 1 or 2 grams of ginseng daily for four weeks. While overall fatigue levels didn’t change significantly, mental fatigue was noticeably reduced, especially in those taking the higher dose. Lab tests also showed lower levels of harmful oxidative markers and increased levels of antioxidant defenses, indicating that ginseng may help the body manage tiredness through its antioxidant effects (Kim et al., 2013). Asian ginseng has also been tested for its effects during physical stress, like exercise. In a small trial, healthy men took 2 grams of ginseng three times a day for eight weeks. After this period, they were able to exercise for longer periods before exhaustion, and their blood showed higher levels of antioxidant enzymes and lower levels of markers linked to oxidative stress. This points to a potential role in improving physical endurance and recovery (Kim et al., 2005).

Korean red ginseng has been used to support energy in cancer patients as well. In a 16-week study involving 438 people undergoing chemotherapy for colorectal cancer, patients who took 2000 mg of red ginseng daily experienced less fatigue. They reported feeling better in terms of mood, walking ability, social interaction, and enjoyment of life. The benefits were especially noticeable in women, those over 60, and patients with high baseline fatigue. The supplement was well tolerated and considered safe to use alongside chemotherapy (Kim et al., 2020). Another study explored whether ginseng could protect the heart during cancer treatment. In breast cancer patients receiving a chemotherapy drug known to affect the heart, 1 gram of Panax ginseng was given daily over eight treatment cycles. The ginseng group had significantly less heart function decline compared to those on a placebo. None of the ginseng users experienced heart-related complications, while one-third of the placebo group did. These results suggest a possible protective effect on the heart during chemotherapy (Hamidian et al., 2023). In a different area of research, Korean red ginseng was studied for its ability to help women who experience cold sensations in their hands and feet. Eighty women with this condition took 3 grams of red ginseng daily for eight weeks. By the end of the trial, their skin temperatures had increased, and their symptoms had improved. These changes were likely due to better blood flow in the limbs, and no major side effects were reported (Park et al., 2014). Korean red ginseng is also traditionally valued for its ability to promote blood circulation, supporting healthy blood flow and energy metabolism.

The effects of ginseng on memory and attention appear to depend on the dose. In a study with 20 healthy young adults, researchers tested three different amounts of Panax ginseng extract (200, 400, and 600 mg) and tracked participants’ mental performance over six hours. A 400 mg dose led to consistent improvements in memory quality throughout the study. However, both 200 and 600 mg doses resulted in slower attention speeds later in the day. Lower alertness was also observed at the 6-hour mark with both 200 and 400 mg doses. These findings suggest that moderate doses of ginseng may be best for enhancing memory, while higher or lower amounts might be less effective (Kennedy et al., 2001). Ginseng has also been studied for its possible role in Alzheimer’s disease. In a 12-week open-label trial involving 58 patients with Alzheimer’s, those who received 4.5 grams of Panax ginseng daily showed improvements in cognitive test scores (MMSE and ADAS) compared to 39 participants in the control group. These improvements were noticeable by the end of the treatment period but declined once ginseng was discontinued. This suggests that ginseng may offer temporary cognitive benefits in Alzheimer’s, possibly through mechanisms that support nerve health (Lee et al., 2008). In a trial with 61 patients, Heo et al. (2008) provided low or high doses of Korean red ginseng (KRG) alongside usual care for 12 weeks. Those taking the higher dose (9 g/day) showed significant improvements on cognitive tests like the ADAS and Clinical Dementia Rating scale. Though memory test scores (MMSE) improved, the changes were not statistically significant. Still, the results suggest KRG may enhance cognitive function when added to conventional treatments. Ginseng may even influence brain structure and function. In a study with 51 healthy adults, Namgung et al. (2021) gave 1000 mg of Korean red ginseng daily for 8 weeks. Brain scans revealed an increase in gray matter volume in a region linked to memory, and participants showed better performance in attention, memory, and executive tasks. These results indicate at the potential of ginseng for supporting brain health.

Red ginseng has been studied as a supportive therapy for people recovering from depression. In a small study of 35 women with lingering symptoms of depression, participants took 3 grams of Korean red ginseng daily for eight weeks. Significant improvements were seen in mood scores and in physical symptoms like fatigue and body aches. This suggests that red ginseng may help support emotional and physical recovery during the final stages of depression treatment (Jeong et al., 2015). Ginseng has been studied for how it may help the body respond to intense physical and psychological stress. In one study, 19 adults took part in a double-blind trial where they received either a placebo, 160 mg, or 960 mg per day of an enzyme-fermented ginseng supplement called GINST15 for 14 days. After each cycle, participants performed intense resistance exercises. The group taking the higher dose of GINST15 showed lower levels of cortisol (a stress hormone) and creatine kinase (a muscle stress marker), along with increases in antioxidant enzymes like SOD, glutathione, and total antioxidant power. These results suggest that this form of ginseng may help reduce physical stress and improve the body’s antioxidant defenses (Flanagan et al., 2018).

Ginseng has also been assessed for improving sexual well-being in individuals undergoing methadone treatment. In a four-week clinical trial involving 74 patients with opioid use disorder on methadone maintenance therapy, those who took ginseng reported significant improvements in sexual function compared to the placebo group. Both men and women experienced benefits, suggesting that ginseng may help reduce one of the common side effects of long-term methadone use (Farnia et al., 2019). Ginseng berry extract has also been tested for sexual health in men. Also, Choi et al. (2013) ran a trial with 119 men experiencing mild-to-moderate erectile dysfunction. After eight weeks of taking four tablets daily (350 mg each), participants saw improvements in erectile function and other sexual health scores. No hormone changes or serious side effects were observed, supporting its safety and effectiveness. Notably, Ghamari et al. (2020) tested a supplement combining vitamin E, Korean ginseng, and Siberian ginseng on female sexual function. In this six-week trial involving 62 women, both the supplement and placebo groups improved, but the combination supplement led to significantly better outcomes in desire and satisfaction. This suggests the blend may support specific aspects of sexual wellness, although total function scores did not differ significantly. Besides, red ginseng may also influence how the body processes alcohol. Lee et al. (2014) had 25 healthy men drink whiskey with either water or red ginseng drink. Those who drank the ginseng mixture had lower blood alcohol levels at several time points and reported fewer hangover symptoms. Though acetaldehyde levels (a byproduct of alcohol) slightly increased, the findings suggest red ginseng may help with alcohol metabolism.

Korean red ginseng has also been studied for its potential to slow biological aging. In a trial involving 63 postmenopausal women, those who took KRG for 12 weeks showed an increase in mitochondrial DNA copy number, a marker of cell health, and higher total antioxidant levels. They also reported feeling less fatigued. Together, these results suggest that KRG may support healthier aging by enhancing the body’s internal defenses (Chung et al., 2021). Postmenopausal women may also benefit from the antioxidant effects of ginseng. In a 12-week study, 82 women received either 3 grams of Korean red ginseng (KRG) or a placebo daily. Those who took KRG had significantly higher levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), a protective antioxidant enzyme. Although the decrease in another marker of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, or MDA) was not statistically significant, the trend supported an overall improvement in antioxidant capacity (Seo et al., 2014). Moreover, in a study involving 57 healthy adults, researchers tested the effect of taking either 3 or 6 grams per day of Korean red ginseng for eight weeks. Compared to the placebo group, those who took ginseng had higher levels of antioxidant enzymes like SOD, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase. They also had less oxidized LDL (a harmful form of cholesterol) and fewer signs of DNA damage. These protective effects were stronger in the higher-dose group, suggesting that KRG may help shield the body from everyday oxidative stress (Kim et al., 2012). Korean red ginseng has also been studied for women experiencing menopausal symptoms after gynecologic cancer surgery. In a 12-week trial with 55 women, both the ginseng and placebo groups showed improvements in overall menopausal symptoms. However, only the ginseng group had significantly better results in the area of sexual health, suggesting that Korean red ginseng may help with specific menopausal concerns like sexual discomfort (Chung et al., 2021).

Fermented red ginseng (FRG) has also been studied for its effect on mood in postmenopausal women. In a two-week trial involving 93 participants, those who received FRG showed improvements in depressive symptoms, as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory. Biochemical tests showed that FRG influenced blood lipids, such as cholesterol and glucose, linked to feelings of energy and cognitive mood. Interestingly, the relationship between these lipid changes and depression was positive in the FRG group but negative in the placebo group, suggesting that FRG may help ease mood symptoms by improving lipid metabolism (Lee and Ji, 2014). For postmenopausal women, Wiklund et al. (1999) evaluated a standardized ginseng extract in a 16-week study involving 384 women. While overall quality of life scores only showed a slight trend toward improvement, specific areas like mood, general well-being, and perceived health significantly improved. Importantly, ginseng did not affect hormone levels, showing its effects may be non-hormonal in nature. Jung et al. (2021) assessed the benefits of ginseng extract (GE) in 90 postmenopausal women with osteopenia, a condition of low bone density. Those who took 3 g of GE daily for 12 weeks showed better bone metabolism and reduced arthritis symptoms. Improvements in bone-related blood markers and arthritis scores support the potential of ginseng in bone and joint health. In another research by Ghorbani et al. (2019), 62 women took 500 mg of ginseng twice daily for four weeks. The ginseng group experienced meaningful improvements in sexual function, overall quality of life, and menopause-related symptoms compared to placebo. These results support ginseng as a non-hormonal option for improving well-being during menopause.

Panax ginseng may help athletes recover better from intense workouts. In a study involving 10 male athletes, participants took ginseng for 8 days and then performed half-squat exercises designed to cause muscle fatigue. After the workouts, those who took ginseng reported lower effort levels, showed better muscle activation, and recovered strength more quickly than those given a placebo. Although ginseng did not significantly affect muscle soreness or markers of muscle damage, the results suggest it may support faster neuromuscular recovery (Cristina-Souza et al., 2022). At the genetic level, ginseng might also reduce the stress that exercise places on cells. In one study, 12 untrained men completed a session of intense exercise. Those who had taken ginseng beforehand did not experience the same rise in histone methylation, a process related to gene activity and cellular stress, as those who exercised without ginseng. This may indicate that ginseng helps protect muscle cells from stress-related changes in gene expression (Naghavi Moghadam et al., 2019). Ginseng may enhance mental and physical reaction times during sports performance. In a study with 15 young male soccer players, Ziemba et al. (1999) found that taking 350 mg of ginseng daily for six weeks significantly reduced reaction times both at rest and during exercise. Athletes were able to maintain fast reactions at higher levels of physical effort. However, ginseng had no effect on aerobic capacity (VO₂max) or lactate threshold, suggesting that its main benefits lie in improving focus and response time during exertion.

In another study focused on exercise-related stress, 18 male students took Korean red ginseng before and after a demanding uphill treadmill workout. Compared to those who received a placebo, the ginseng group had lower levels of creatine kinase (a marker of muscle damage) and interleukin-6 (a sign of inflammation). Their blood sugar and insulin levels were also better regulated, indicating that ginseng may help reduce inflammation and support metabolic recovery after intense physical activity (Jung et al., 2011). Additionally, in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Korean ginseng extract (G115, 100 mg twice daily) was studied over three months. Gross et al. (2002) found significant improvements in lung capacity and physical endurance in 92 patients, with no side effects reported. This suggests ginseng may enhance breathing and physical performance in COPD.

In people with fibromyalgia, a condition involving chronic pain, fatigue, and sleep problems, Panax ginseng showed encouraging results. A 12-week trial involving 38 patients found that those who took 100 mg of ginseng daily had improvements in pain, fatigue, sleep quality, and anxiety. They also had fewer tender points and lower impact scores on a fibromyalgia questionnaire. Although another group taking the prescription drug amitriptyline saw stronger effects overall, ginseng was well tolerated and provided a wide range of benefits, supporting its potential as a complementary option (Braz et al., 2013). For individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS), ginseng may help reduce fatigue. Etemadifar et al. (2013) tested 250 mg of Panax ginseng twice daily for three months in 60 women with MS. Participants taking ginseng reported significant improvements in fatigue and better quality of life scores. No serious side effects were observed, suggesting it may be a safe support for fatigue management in MS.

Ginseng may also help improve blood vessel function. In a trial with 17 healthy adults, researchers gave participants either Korean red ginseng root, isolated ginsenosides, or ginseng polysaccharides. The root extract and ginsenosides significantly reduced arterial stiffness (measured by the augmentation index), while the polysaccharides did not. This suggests that the active compounds responsible for the vascular effects are likely the ginsenosides (Jovanovski et al., 2010). Researchers also investigated how ginseng might affect blood pressure and arterial function. In a trial with 23 healthy adults, participants were given a single 400 mg dose of Rg3-enriched Korean red ginseng extract. Within three hours, they had lower central and arm blood pressure, improved blood vessel flexibility, and reduced overall vascular resistance compared to the control group. These findings suggest that specific components in ginseng may help support short-term improvements in cardiovascular health (Jovanovski et al., 2014).

Panax ginseng may help improve overall well-being in people undergoing cancer treatment. In a clinical study involving 40 women with non-metastatic breast cancer, participants were given 1 gram of ginseng daily during their chemotherapy cycles. Researchers assessed quality of life using the FACT-B questionnaire, which measures physical, emotional, functional, and social well-being, along with breast cancer-specific concerns. Women taking ginseng maintained or improved their scores in key areas, especially emotional and functional well-being, while those in the placebo group experienced declines in all categories. The differences between the groups were statistically significant, suggesting ginseng may help reduce the negative impact of chemotherapy on day-to-day life (Hamidian et al., 2023). Panax ginseng has also been used to manage fatigue in cancer patients. In a study by Yennurajalingam et al. (2015), 30 patients with cancer-related fatigue took 800 mg of ginseng daily for 29 days. Most of the participants reported meaningful improvements in fatigue, well-being, and appetite. The treatment was safe, with no serious side effects, suggesting ginseng may help improve quality of life during cancer care.

Another study looked at how ginseng affects brain function and blood sugar during periods of mental fatigue. In a test involving 30 healthy young adults, participants took either 200 mg or 400 mg of Panax ginseng before completing several mentally tiring tasks. Both doses lowered blood sugar significantly, and the 200 mg dose improved performance on a math-based memory task (Serial Sevens) and reduced feelings of mental tiredness. This points to a possible connection between ginseng’s cognitive benefits and its effect on glucose metabolism during mental stress (Reay et al., 2005). In a study on mental performance and blood sugar control, Reay, Kennedy, and Scholey (2006) gave 27 healthy adults either Panax ginseng (200 mg), glucose (25 g), or both, then tested them on prolonged mental tasks. Both ginseng and glucose alone improved arithmetic skills and reduced feelings of mental fatigue, but combining them did not produce extra benefits. Ginseng also lowered blood sugar one hour after intake, suggesting it may help regulate energy and support mental performance under stress.

In children showing signs of ADHD, Korean red ginseng has been studied as a potential alternative support. Ko et al. (2014) gave 70 children either KRG (1 g twice a day) or placebo for 8 weeks. The ginseng group showed significant improvements in attention and hyperactivity symptoms, along with changes in brain activity measured by EEG. No hormonal side effects were observed, suggesting KRG may offer behavioral benefits safely. Moreover, D’Angelo et al. (1986) examined Korean ginseng extract (G115, 100 mg twice daily) over 12 weeks in 16 healthy men. The ginseng group performed better in mental arithmetic and logic tasks, and showed improvements in overall attention, although not all tests reached statistical significance. The supplement was well tolerated with no reported side effects.

Ginseng has also been studied for its potential role in supporting immune health. Yoon et al. (2023) ran a 24-week study involving 350 healthy adults who had received COVID-19 vaccines. Participants who took Korean red ginseng had higher antibody levels up to 12 weeks after their second dose, particularly those over 50 years old. These findings suggest that ginseng may help prolong immune response after vaccination. Additionally, Han et al. (2013) examined the effects of red ginseng on sleep. In 15 healthy men, taking 1500 mg of red ginseng three times daily for one week led to better sleep quality. Total time awake decreased, while sleep efficiency and deep sleep increased. These improvements suggest ginseng may support restful sleep.

Comparative Analysis: American vs. Asian Ginseng

Differences in Chemical Composition

Phytochemicals	Asian ginseng	American ginseng
Main saponin (ginsenoside) skeletons	Dammarane-type (tetracyclic) Oleanane-type (pentacyclic)	Dammarane-type (tetracyclic) Oleanane-type (pentacyclic) Ocotillol-type (tetracyclic + epoxy at C-20)
Typical sugar units attached (both species)	Hexoses (glucose, galactose), 6-deoxy-hexoses (rhamnose), pentoses (arabinose, xylose), uronic acids (glucuronic)
Protopanaxadiol (PPD) ginsenosides (sugars at C-3 & C-20)	Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rc, Rd, plusheat-products Rg3, Rg5, Rg6, Rh2, Rh3, Rs3-5, Rk1-2	Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rc, Rd, Rg3, Rh2
Protopanaxatriol (PPT) ginsenosides (sugars at C-6 & C-20)	Rg1, Rg2, Re, Rf, Rh1, F1, F2, F3, F4, R4	Rg1, Rg2, Re, Rf, Rh1, F1, F3, notoginsenoside R1
Oleanane-type marker	Ro (minor)	Ro (also minor)
Ocotillol-type marker	— (absent)	24(R)-pseudoginsenoside F11 (p-F11) – signature compound
Species-diagnostic ginsenosides	Rf – found only in P. ginseng	p-F11 – found only in P. quinquefolius
Six most abundant ginsenosides	Rb1, Rb2, Rg1, Rc, Rd, Re (≈70 % of total)	Rb1, Rb3, Rd, Re, Rg1, Rc (together > 70 %)
PPD : PPT ratio (quick screen)	Roughly 1 to 3 : 1	~ 3 : 1 (more PPD)
Heat/pressure-generated “red/black” ginsenosides	Rg3, Rk1, Rg5, Rh4, Rs3-Rs5 (rise sharply after steaming)	Same low-polar trio (Rg3, Rk1, Rg5) also increase during processing
Polysaccharides	Acidic & neutral chains; composition shifts with region/processing	Neutral glucose : galactose (1 : 1.15) polymer suppresses inflammatory markers; acidic arabinose/galactose/rhamnose chains
Other secondary metabolites	Phenolics (chlorogenic, gentisic, *p/m-*coumaric acids), rutin, peptides, amino-acids, vitamins & minerals	Same broad groups plus study showing trans-anethole can boost ginsenoside Re 4-fold in hairy-root cultures
Volatile / essential-oil fraction	Many aroma molecules (profiled by head-space GC-MS)	Similar head-space surveys; fewer AG-specific terpenoids reported
Lipids & primary metabolites	Nano-ESI-MS maps fatty-acids/phospholipids across plant parts	Wide GC-MS / LC-MS metabolomics coverage of sugars, organic acids, lipids
Handy ID rules of thumb	Presence of Rf + lower PPD:PPT ratio → Asian	Presence of p-F11 + higher PPD:PPT ratio → American

Both ginsengs share the same basic “ginsenoside toolbox,” but Asian ginseng carries ginsenoside Rf, while American ginseng carries pseudoginsenoside F11, that alone is enough to tell them apart in a lab test. American roots also lean more toward the PPD side of the scale (about three parts PPD to one part PPT). The type and position of sugar moieties in ginsenosides influence their hydrophilicity and ability to access lipid radicals or peroxyl radicals within cell membranes, thereby impacting antioxidant activity. Steam-processing pushes either species toward special, less-polar saponins like Rg3 and Rk1, which is why red or black ginsengs have a slightly different punch than raw white roots. Beyond saponins, each plant packs sugars, antioxidants, aromas and healthy fats that round out its benefits, with subtle differences shaped by where and how it’s grown. Ginsenoside profiles in American ginseng differ from those in Asian ginseng in total ginsenosides, specific ratios, and marker ginsenosides.

Differences in Adaptogenic Properties

Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) and American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) both meet the formal definition of an adaptogen yet they do so in characteristically different ways. American ginseng acts like a steady “buffer” for metabolism and immunity rather than a high-octane performance booster. Regular daily doses of 2–4 g kept the muscle-damage enzyme creatine kinase far lower after punishing hill runs, hinting that it cushions the tiny tears that exercise causes (Hsu et al., 2005; Lin et al., 2021). In blood-sugar tests, swallowing a single 3 g dose 40 minutes before a glucose drink flattened the usual spike, and taking the same 3 g every day for eight weeks later improved long-term glucose control (HbA1c), eased high blood pressure, and cut “bad” LDL cholesterol in people with type-2 diabetes (Vuksan et al., 2001; 2019). Cardiovascular tone benefits too: three grams a day dropped systolic blood pressure by about 12 mm Hg and made stiff arteries more flexible (Mucalo et al., 2013).

Immune studies are just as striking. Seniors who took the CVT-E002 extract logged 45–89 percent fewer bouts of colds or flu and got over them faster when they did fall ill (McElhaney et al., 2004; 2006; Predy et al., 2005). Quick-acting cognitive perks also show up: as little as 100–400 mg of the Cereboost™ extract sharpened working memory, sped reaction times, and promoted calm within hours, an effect mirrored by faster prefrontal EEG responses in middle-aged volunteers (Scholey et al., 2010; Ossoukhova et al., 2015; White et al., 2020). Longer courses have added broader protection—less fatigue in cancer survivors (Barton et al., 2013), roughly 50 percent less radiation-linked DNA breakage in blood cells (Lee et al., 2010), and even fewer serious heart problems a year after artery-opening surgery when given as Xinyue™ capsules (Guo et al., 2020). Altogether, American ginseng shows its adaptogenic strength by quietly smoothing the body’s metabolic, cardiovascular, immune, and cognitive stresses rather than pushing it to new performance peaks.

Asian ginseng works more like a “performance booster.” It quickly turns on the body’s stress-response and antioxidant systems so you can push harder and bounce back faster. For example, men who took 2 g of Panax ginseng three times a day for eight weeks could exercise longer before tiring out, and their blood showed higher levels of the protective enzyme SOD alongside lower signs of fat oxidation (Kim et al., 2005). A single 400 mg dose enriched with the ginsenoside Rg3 dropped central blood pressure and eased vascular resistance within just three hours (Jovanovski et al., 2014). When volunteers used the fermented extract GINST15, heavy weight-lifting produced less cortisol and creatine kinase, while glutathione and total antioxidant capacity climbed (Flanagan et al., 2018).

The herb also reduces mental stress. Taking 200 mg of hydroponic red ginseng daily for three weeks lowered self-rated stress and negative mood in moderately stressed adults (Dormal et al., 2025). A larger 3 g daily dose eased fatigue, low mood, and body aches in people recovering from depression (Jeong et al., 2015). Under the extra strain of illness, red ginseng shows protective effects: it shielded breast-cancer patients from chemotherapy-related heart damage (Hamidian et al., 2023), cut cancer-related fatigue in colorectal-cancer patients (Kim et al., 2020) and other groups (Yennurajalingam et al., 2015), and helped women on chemotherapy keep their overall quality-of-life scores steady (Hamidian et al., 2023). Smaller studies point to specialized benefits as well. Three grams daily warmed hands and feet in women with chronically cold extremities (Park et al., 2014); it improved sexual function in people on long-term methadone therapy (Farnia et al., 2019); and in young soccer players it sped up reaction times during play without changing aerobic capacity (Ziemba et al., 1999). All told, Asian ginseng consistently ramps up the body’s defenses and performance capacity when a quick, robust lift is needed.

When you put the two roots side by side, American ginseng acts like a steady shield. It smooths out the jump in blood-sugar that comes after a meal, tones down everyday cell damage, and can cut winter colds or flu almost in half. Asian ginseng, on the other hand, works more like a fast booster. It helps you exercise longer, bounce back quicker, and strengthens your heart and blood-vessel function within a few hours to a few weeks. Both kinds can sharpen thinking, but they do it differently: a single dose of American ginseng can give an almost-immediate lift in memory and focus, while Asian ginseng usually needs a bigger or longer course before the same brain benefits show up. Neither herb has caused serious side-effects in published studies, so the choice simply depends on what you need.

Choosing the Right Ginseng for Your Needs

Both American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) and Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) are safe, time-tested adaptogens, yet their “personalities” differ. Thinking about how you respond to stress, the goals you’re chasing, and any existing health concerns will help you decide which root is the better match. American ginseng is used for long-term benefits, while Asian ginseng is suggested for short-term use, usually up to three months. (As always, if you take prescription medicines, have a chronic condition, or are pregnant, talk with a healthcare professional before adding any herbal supplement.)

When You Might Choose American Ginseng

• You want calm, steady stamina. American ginseng is gentler and less stimulating than its Asian cousin. Many people describe it as a “cool” or “yin-supporting” herb—it smooths out energy dips rather than giving a caffeine-like kick.
• Metabolic balance is high on your list. Studies show that a single 3 g dose can blunt blood-sugar spikes, and longer courses improve HbA1c, LDL cholesterol, and even systolic blood pressure. If you struggle with post-meal sluggishness or have pre-diabetes/type 2 diabetes, American ginseng is usually the go-to choice.
• You catch every cold that comes around. In older adults, standardized extracts such as CVT-E002 cut winter-season respiratory infections nearly in half. If you need extra immune resilience—teachers, frequent flyers, caregivers—this species has the stronger evidence.
• You’re looking for a quick mental edge without jitters. Small doses (100–400 mg of Cereboost™) sharpen working memory and reaction time within an hour or two and leave users feeling calmer, not wired.
• Muscle recovery matters more than peak performance. Daily 2–4 g doses lowered creatine-kinase levels after strenuous runs and downhill exercise, suggesting it cushions micro-tears and helps you bounce back faster.
• You prefer evening use. Because American ginseng is less stimulating, many people can take it later in the day without sleep disturbance.

When to Choose Asian Ginseng (Korean/Red/Panax ginseng)

• You need an energetic lift or faster workout gains. Asian ginseng acts like a “performance escalator.” Eight-week courses pushed time-to-exhaustion higher in healthy men, and a single 400 mg Rg3-rich extract lowered central blood pressure and vascular resistance within hours—ideal for people seeking a sharper training edge or quick pre-event boost.
• Stress feels overwhelming and you want stronger nervous-system support. Two to three weeks of 200 mg hydroponic red ginseng cut perceived stress and negative mood; higher doses (3 g) eased lingering depression-related fatigue and body aches.
• You’re recovering from illness or heavy therapy. Clinical trials show Asian ginseng mitigates chemotherapy-related fatigue, protects the heart from certain chemo drugs, and helps preserve overall quality of life in cancer patients.
• You have cold hands/feet or mildly elevated blood pressure. Red ginseng improved peripheral circulation in women with “cold extremities” and reduced arterial stiffness in healthy adults, benefits tied to its impact on nitric-oxide pathways.
• You’re after broader antioxidant fire-power. Ginseng preparations like enzyme-fermented GINST15 raised glutathione and total antioxidant capacity while lowering cortisol after resistance exercise, useful if oxidative stress or intense training is a concern.
• You don’t mind building effects over time. Cognitive improvements and menopausal-symptom relief often require daily use for several weeks; if you’re patient, the gains can be both mental and physical.
• Morning or daytime dosing suits your schedule. Because Asian ginseng can feel more “warming” and energising, most people take it earlier in the day to avoid sleep disruption.

Reach for American ginseng when you need calm endurance, metabolic or immune buffering, and a gentle mental lift. Opt for Asian ginseng when you’re chasing rapid energy, stronger exercise recovery, robust antioxidant support, or a more vigorous mood boost.

Conclusion

Although American and Asian ginseng come from the same plant family, the phytochemicals in each specie give a different style of support. American ginseng is loaded with protopanaxadiol saponins and a unique marker called pseudoginsenoside F11. It acts like a steady buffer, taking the edge off blood-sugar spikes after meals, easing strain on the heart and blood vessels, cutting down on colds and flu in at-risk adults, and providing a quick yet soothing boost in mental focus. Asian ginseng is defined by ginsenoside Rf and a wider range of protopanaxatriol saponins. It behaves more like a performance booster, increasing antioxidant and stress-response pathways so the body can work harder, recover faster, and cope with heavy physical or mental demands. Both roots fit the modern definition of an adaptogen: they are safe, help the body adapt in either direction, and move systems back toward balance. American ginseng is best when you want long-term metabolic stability, stronger immunity, and gentle mental clarity. Asian ginseng is the preferred choice when you need a rapid lift in energy, exercise capacity, or antioxidant protection. Clinical studies show minimal side effects for either herb when high-quality products are used at researched doses. Pick the ginseng that matches the kind of stress you’re facing. Use American ginseng for calm, sustained endurance and metabolic or immune support. Choose Asian ginseng for a faster, more energizing boost in performance, mood, or recovery. Ongoing research will keep refining optimal doses and confirming long-term safety, but both species already stand out as reliable, complementary adaptogens.

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• Introduction to Ginseng
• American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius)
• Asian Ginseng (Panax ginseng)
• Comparative Analysis: American vs. Asian Ginseng
• Choosing the Right Ginseng for Your Needs
• Conclusion

Safety and Side Effects of Ginseng

Ginseng, whether it’s Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) or American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius), is widely used as a dietary supplement and is generally considered safe for most healthy adults when taken in moderate amounts. Both types of ginseng are available in various forms, including whole ginseng root, ginseng extract, red ginseng, and white ginseng, each with its own unique chemical makeup and potential health benefits. While ginseng has a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine and is valued for its adaptogenic and antioxidant properties, it’s important to recognize that, like any natural product, it can have side effects and interact with other medications or health conditions. Understanding the safety profile of ginseng panax and its different preparations can help you make informed decisions about incorporating this herb into your wellness routine.

Potential Risks and Contraindications

Although most people tolerate ginseng well, some may experience side effects, especially when taking high doses or using it for extended periods. The most commonly reported side effect is insomnia, likely due to ginseng’s mildly stimulating properties. Other possible reactions include digestive discomfort, headaches, dizziness, and allergic responses such as skin rashes. The risk of side effects can vary depending on the specific type of ginseng (Asian or American), the form used (ginseng root, red ginseng, white ginseng, or ginseng extract), and individual sensitivity to its active compounds.

Ginseng’s chemical makeup, particularly its ginsenosides, is responsible for many of its pharmacological effects—but these same compounds can also interact with certain medications. For example, ginseng may increase the risk of bleeding when taken with blood thinners like warfarin, and it can potentially lower blood sugar levels, which may be problematic for people on diabetes medications. There is also evidence that ginseng can affect blood pressure and heart rate, so individuals taking antihypertensive drugs should use caution. Because ginseng can influence metabolic parameters and body temperature, it’s important to monitor for any unusual symptoms and consult a healthcare provider if you are taking prescription medications or have underlying health conditions.

Who Should Avoid Ginseng?

While ginseng offers a range of health benefits, it’s not suitable for everyone. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid ginseng, as there is not enough research to confirm its safety during these periods. Children and adolescents are also advised to steer clear of ginseng supplements, since their developing bodies may be more sensitive to its effects. Individuals with autoimmune disorders, such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, or multiple sclerosis, should be cautious, as ginseng may stimulate the immune system and potentially worsen these conditions.

People with hormone-sensitive cancers or those undergoing hormone replacement therapy should consult their healthcare provider before using ginseng, as some evidence suggests it may influence hormone levels. Additionally, those with high blood pressure or heart conditions should be aware that ginseng can affect cardiovascular function and body temperature, and its efficacy may differ between Asian and American ginseng due to their distinct chemical compositions. The comparison of their effects on metabolic parameters and overall efficacy is still an area of active research.

If you are considering ginseng as part of a complementary and alternative medicine approach, it’s essential to discuss this with your healthcare professional—especially if you have chronic health issues, are taking medications, or are concerned about possible side effects or interactions. By taking a thoughtful, evidence-based approach, you can maximize the potential benefits of ginseng while minimizing risks. Ongoing research continues to provide a better understanding of how ginseng affects the body, helping to ensure its safe and effective use in alternative medicine and as a natural dietary supplement.