Sambucus Nigra (Elderberry)

Botanical Overview

Sambucus nigra, commonly known as Elderberry or European Elder, is a deciduous shrub native to Europe and Western Asia. Its dark purple berries and creamy-white flowers have been valued in traditional medicine for their immune-supportive, antiviral, and diaphoretic properties. The plant thrives in moist soils along hedgerows and woodland edges, reaching up to 5 meters in height.

Constituents and Actions

• Flavonoids (quercetin, rutin) — antioxidant and anti-inflammatory
• Anthocyanins — antiviral, immune-supportive, vascular tonic
• Tannins — astringent
• Vitamins A & C — nutritive, antioxidant
• Sambunigrin — cyanogenic glycoside, inactivated by heat

Traditional and Modern Uses

Elderberry preparations are traditionally used for colds, influenza, sinus congestion, and mild fever. Elderflower tea promotes sweating during feverish conditions, while elderberry syrup and tincture support immune resilience and shorten the duration of respiratory infections. The berries’ anthocyanins protect the cardiovascular system and provide antioxidant benefits.

Safety Considerations

Raw or unripe berries and leaves may cause nausea or vomiting due to trace cyanogenic glycosides. Use only cooked or processed preparations. Those taking anticoagulants such as warfarin (Coumadin) should consult a clinician and maintain INR monitoring when introducing elderberry supplements.

Related Topics

• Elderberry Medicinal Uses
• Elderberry Tincture Preparation
• Elderberry and Coumadin Interaction
• Elderberry Research